Oral History Interview with Margaret Beer
Margaret Beer (née Weiss), born in 1911 in Sziget, Hungary (Sighet, Romania), describes the German invasion of Hungary; S.S. troops being moved into many Jewish homes, including hers; how the troops with the help of Hungarian authorities identified prominent Jews who were forced to form a Jewish council; the Germans confiscating Jewish businesses and personal property; ghettoization; how the Jews were helped by non-Jewish Hungarians, who smuggled food into the ghetto; the evacuation of all Jewish patients from the local hospital; the formation of a Jewish police force; the evacuation of the Jews from the ghetto and the transports to Auschwitz; life in Auschwitz including the initial selection, showers, barracks, Appells, work conditions, food allotment, wash barracks, and her selection by Mengele; transported to Gelsenkirchen, Germany in July 1944 to work in the Krupp armament industry; the working conditions and Allied bombings; being transferred to Sömmerda in Thuringia, Germany in September 1944 to work in another ammunition factory; being evacuated from the camp in April 1945 when the Allies got closer; escaping during the march and eventually finding housing in a German village until liberation at the end of April 1945; receiving help from Russian POW’s and later American liberators; and her skills as a dressmaker helping sustain her until May 1946 when she could join her brother in Philadelphia, PA.
Date: | 01/01/1992 |
Interviewer: | self-taped memoir |
Interviewee: | Margaret Beer |
Language: | English |
Subject: | Bombing, Aerial--Germany--Gelsenkirchen. Concentration camp inmates--Selection process. Death march survivors. Death marches. Escapes. Forced labor. Holocaust survivors. Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Personal narratives. Jewish councils--Romania--Sighetu Marmatiei. Jewish ghettos--Romania--Sighetu Marmatiei. Jewish police officers--Romania--Sighetu Marmatiei. Jewish property--Romania--Sighetu Marmatiei. Jewish women in the Holocaust. Jews--Persecutions--Romania. Jews--Romania--Sighetu Marmatiei. Prisoners of war--Soviet Union. Roll calls. Smuggling--Romania--Sighetu Marmatiei. Soldiers--Billeting--Romania--Sighetu Marmatiei. Soldiers--United States. Women concentration camp inmates. Women dressmakers. World War, 1939-1945--Conscript labor. World War, 1939-1945--Deportations from Romania. Women--Personal narratives. Geographic Name Gelsenkirchen (Germany) Germany--Armed Forces--Romania. Hungary--History--1918-1945. Oświęcim (Poland) Philadelphia (Pa.) Poland. Romania--History--1914-1944. Sighetu Marmatiei (Romania) Sömmerda (Germany) Thuringia (Germany) United States--Emigration and immigration. |
Location: | Sighetu Marmatiei, Romania Sighet Ghetto Auschwitz concentration camp Kruppwerke near Gelsenkirchen Sömmerda concentration camp Wiesbaden Displaced Person camp USA |
Permalink: | https://hoha.digitalcollections.gratz.edu/item/oral-history-interview-with-margaret-beer/ |
Audio Transcript | Time |
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1:33:52 |